This whitepaper presents a review of technical literature plus post-installation analysis of three types of HVAC systems: Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), traditional hydronics and hydronics integrated with Armstrong Design Envelope technology. A detailed comparison of the first installed cost and lifecycle operating cost of these technologies is established by reviewing the full product lifecycle of these technologies — paying particular attention to energy efficiency and consumption, design considerations and constraints, installation requirements and operational and/or occupant risk.
