This article shows how to apply the analytical concept of hydraulic resistance to analyze the hydraulic and thermal performance of systems using "diverter tees."
Although hydronic radiant floor heating can be incorporated into many types of buildings, it's often a "perfect match" for garage-type buildings with bare concrete slab-on-grade floors.
John Siegenthaler's been designing hydronic heating systems for 25 years, and he still comes across little nuances that when ignored can bring a system that is 99.9% correctly designed and installed to a virtual standstill.
Although not specifically intended as heat emitters, the copper tubing connecting the components of many hydronic systems certainly does release heat to its surroundings, compromising the system's ability to deliver heat precisely where and when it's needed.
Today, many residential and light commercial hydronic systems serve multiple and diverse loads, such as space heating, domestic water heating, pool heating and snowmelting.