There are hydronic design concepts in which flow must pass backward through a non-operating circulator, perhaps thousands of times over the life of the system.

Flow reversal is possible in a P/S system, but is it practical?

A ‘dirty dozen’ things that point to trouble ahead.

A schematic, very similar to the one below, appears in a manufacturer’s installation manual. It represents the manufacturer’s recommendation for installing a two-zone system. Can you identify at least five things that could be changed to improve this system?

When — and when not — to use reverse return piping.

Twenty years ago, the contemporary approach to prevent interference between simultaneously operating circulators in a hydronic system was primary/secondary piping.

What remains is to assemble a control system that can orchestrate all the required subsystems.

A seemingly good idea that doesn’t work.