Flow direction is crucial in hydronic systems. Most designs have a fixed flow direction, but there are situations where reversals can occur. It's important to address these proactively to ensure smooth operations.

PPI MS-7 includes detailed specifications for four plastic piping materials which have been proven in ground-source heat exchange systems: HDPE, PE-RT, PEX, and PP (PP-R and PP-RCT).

The original version of HydroSketch will remain supported through the end of 2021.

Figure 1 shows a piping layout that was used to retrofit a pellet-fired boiler to an existing 4-zone heating system supplied by an oil-fired boiler.

Figure 1 shows the piping layout for an actual installation. It uses two boilers, fired in stages, to supply three areas of a building. 

An installer recently read about the benefits of piping a buffer tank in a “2-pipe” configuration.  

A zone is any area of a building for which indoor air temperature is controlled by a single thermostat (or other type of temperature controller). 

An installer plans to use a single-speed monobloc air-to-water heat pump to supply several panel radiators. 

The climate control systems in most commercial buildings have very little similarities to their residential counterparts.